Big Data refers to the massive volumes of structured and unstructured data generated every second, which traditional data processing tools cannot efficiently manage. It encompasses everything from social media interactions to sensor data. The three V’s that define big data are: Volume: The sheer amount of data generated, often in terabytes or petabytes. Velocity: The […]
Most traditional data is structured , i.e., it can be stored in well-defined rows and columns. Legacy transaction systems are an example of structured data: all transactions are stored in relational database management systems (RDBMSs), with each row representing one transaction and each column representing attributes of that transaction Semi-structured data is partially stored in […]
There are several popular tools used for statistical analysis, each with its unique features and strengths: R: A programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics. It’s widely used for data analysis and visualization. Python: With libraries like Pandas, NumPy, and SciPy, Python is popular for data manipulation and statistical analysis. SPSS: A […]
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of Science which deals with helping machines find solutions to complex problems in a more human-like fashion. This generally involves borrowing characteristics from human intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in a computer friendly way. A more or less flexible or efficient approach can be taken depending on the requirements […]
Game Playing You can buy machines that can play master level chess for a few hundred dollars. There is some AI in them, but they play well against people mainly through brute force computation–looking at hundreds of thousands of positions. To beat a world champion by brute force and known reliable heuristics requires being able […]
Consumer MarketingHave you ever used any kind of credit/ATM/store card while shopping? if so, you have very likely been “input” to an AI algorithm All of this information is recorded digitally Companies like Nielsen gather this information weekly and search for patterns general changes in consumer behavior tracking responses to new products identifying customer segments: targeted marketing, e.g., […]
Logical AI What a program knows about the world in general the facts of the specific situation in which it must act, and its goals are all represented by sentences of some mathematical logical language. The program decides what to do by inferring that certain actions are appropriate for achieving its goals. Search AI programs […]
A common method for building expert systems is to use a rule-based system with backward chaining. Typically, a user enters a set of facts into the system, and the system tries to see if it can prove any of the possible hypotheses using these facts.In some cases, it will need additional facts, in which case […]
Developing programs to understand natural language is important in AI because a natural form of communication with systems is essential for user acceptance. One of the most critical tests for intelligent behavior is the ability to communicate effectively. This was the test proposed by Alan Turing. AI programs must be able to communicate with their […]
In studying the English language, morphology is relatively simple. We have endings such as -ing, -s, and -ed, which are applied to verbs; endings such as -s and -es, which are applied to nouns; we also have the ending -ly, which usually indicates that a word is an adverb. We also have prefixes such as […]
