Breadth First Search:
BFS explores graph moving across to all the neighbors of last visited vertex traversals i.e., it proceeds in a concentric manner by visiting all the vertices that are adjacent to a starting vertex, then all unvisited vertices two edges apart from it and so on, until all the vertices in the same connected component as the starting vertex are visited. Instead of a stack, BFS uses queue.
Complexity: BFS has the same efficiency as DFS: it is Θ (V2) for Adjacency matrix representation and Θ (V+E) for Adjacency linked list representation.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int a[20][20],q[20],visited[20],n,i,j,f=0,r=-1;
void bfs(int v)
{
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(a[v][i] && !visited[i])
q[++r]=i;
if(f<=r)
{
visited[q[f]]=1;
bfs(q[f++]);
}
}
void main()
{
int v;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of vertices:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
q[i]=0; visited[i]=0;
}
printf("\n Enter graph data in matrix form:\n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
printf("\n Enter the starting vertex:");
scanf("%d",&v); bfs(v);
printf("\n The node which are reachable are:\n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(visited[i]) printf("%d\t",i); getch();
}
